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This article contains a list of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, from the Early Dynastic Period before 3100 BC through to the end of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, when Egypt became a province of Rome under Augustus Caesar in 30 BC. Note that the dates given are approximate. The list of pharaohs presented below is based on the conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt, mostly based on the (Digital Egypt for Universities ) database developed by the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, but alternative dates taken from other authorities may be indicated separately. == Ancient Egyptian King Lists == Modern lists of pharaohs are based on historical records: Ancient Egyptian king lists and later histories, such as Manetho's ''Aegyptiaca'', as well as archaeological evidence. Concerning ancient sources, Egyptologists and Historians alike call for caution about the credibility, exactitude and completeness of these sources, many of which were written long after the reigns they report.〔Toby A. H. Wilkinson: ''Royal Annals Of Ancient Egypt''. Routledge, London 2012, ISBN 113660247X, p. 50.〕 An additional problem is that ancient king lists are often damaged, inconsistent with one another and selective. The following ancient king lists are known (given here by dynasties):〔Toby A. H. Wilkinson: ''Royal Annals Of Ancient Egypt''. Routledge, London 2012, ISBN 113660247X, p. 61.〕 * Palermo stone (5th dynasty); carved on an olivin-basalt slab. * Giza King List (6th dynasty); painted with red, green and black ink on gypsum and cedar wood. * South Saqqara Stone (6th dynasty); carved on a black basalt slab. * Karnak King List (18th dynasty); carved on limestone. * Abydos King List of Seti I (19th dynasty); carved on limestone. * Abydos King List of Ramses II (19th dynasty); carved on limestone. * Saqqara King List (19th dynasty), carved on limestone. * Turin King List (19th dynasty); written with red and black ink on papyrus. * Manetho's ''Aegyptiaca'' (Greek Period); possibly written on papyrus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of pharaohs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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